Melanotan 2 Acetate (MT-2)

Melanotan 2 (MT-2) Peptide: Comprehensive Research Guide

Melanotan 2 (MT-2) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of the naturally occurring alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), renowned for its potent melanocortin receptor agonist activity. With the amino acid sequence Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH₂, Melanotan 2 was originally developed in the 1990s by researchers at the University of Arizona as a potential sunless tanning agent and photoprotective compound. Since its discovery, Melanotan 2 has become one of the most widely studied melanocortin receptor agonists, with research applications spanning dermatology, endocrinology, sexual medicine, neuroscience, and metabolic research.

Melanotan 2’s remarkable biological activity stems from its ability to activate multiple melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R) with high potency, particularly MC1R (responsible for melanin production and skin pigmentation) and MC4R (involved in energy homeostasis, appetite regulation, and sexual function). Its cyclic structure and incorporation of non-natural amino acids (including D-phenylalanine and norleucine) confer enhanced receptor binding affinity, metabolic stability, and resistance to proteolytic degradation compared to native α-MSH. Researchers worldwide utilize high-purity Melanotan 2 to investigate melanocortin receptor biology, skin pigmentation mechanisms, sexual function regulation, appetite and energy metabolism, neuroprotection, and potential therapeutic applications for a wide range of conditions.

Molecular Structure and Pharmacological Properties

Melanotan 2 is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide with a complex molecular structure specifically engineered for enhanced melanocortin receptor activation. Key molecular properties:

• AMINO ACID SEQUENCE: Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH₂
• MOLECULAR FORMULA: C₅₀H₆₉N₁₅O₁₀
• MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 1024.2 Da (free base); ~1084 Da (acetate salt, typical)
• STRUCTURE: Cyclic heptapeptide with a lactam bridge between Asp side chain and Lys N-terminus; N-terminal acetylation; C-terminal amidation; contains D-Phe and norleucine (Nle) for enhanced stability and receptor selectivity
• SOLUBILITY: Soluble in water, PBS, and bacteriostatic water; moderately soluble in dilute acetic acid; solubility enhanced by gentle warming
• pI: Approximately 10.5 (basic peptide due to Arg and Lys residues)
• HALF-LIFE: Approximately 1-2 hours in plasma (significantly longer than α-MSH’s ~10 minutes due to cyclic structure and non-natural amino acids)
• RECEPTOR ACTIVITY: Non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist with high potency at MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R; moderate activity at MC2R (ACTH receptor); EC50 values in the nanomolar range for most receptors
• BIOAVAILABILITY: Good subcutaneous bioavailability (~30-50%); poor oral bioavailability due to peptide degradation in the gastrointestinal tract

Mechanism of Action and Receptor Signaling

Melanotan 2 exerts its diverse biological effects through activation of melanocortin receptors (MCRs), a family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the class A rhodopsin-like family. There are five known melanocortin receptor subtypes (MC1R-MC5R), each with distinct tissue expression patterns and biological functions. Melanotan 2 is a non-selective agonist that activates all five receptor subtypes with varying potency, producing a wide range of physiological effects. Upon receptor binding, Melanotan 2 activates multiple intracellular signaling cascades:

• Gs-ADENYLATE CYCLASE PATHWAY: The primary signaling pathway for all melanocortin receptors involves Gs protein activation, leading to adenylate cyclase stimulation, increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, and protein kinase A (PKA) activation. This pathway mediates most of the classical effects of melanocortins, including melanin production in melanocytes (MC1R), steroidogenesis in adrenal cells (MC2R), and energy metabolism regulation in the hypothalamus (MC3R/MC4R). PKA phosphorylates various downstream targets, including the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which regulates gene expression.
• Gq/11-PLC PATHWAY: Some melanocortin receptors, particularly MC1R and MC4R, can also couple to Gq/11 proteins under certain conditions, leading to phospholipase C (PLC) activation, inositol trisphosphate (IP₃) production, and intracellular calcium mobilization. This pathway may contribute to some of the rapid, non-genomic effects of Melanotan 2, including neuronal excitability changes and acute physiological responses.
• MAPK/ERK PATHWAY: Melanocortin receptor activation can stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including ERK1/2 phosphorylation, through β-arrestin-dependent and independent mechanisms. This pathway is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and gene expression, and may contribute to Melanotan 2’s effects on melanocyte proliferation, neuronal plasticity, and tissue remodeling.
• β-ARRESTIN PATHWAY: Like many GPCRs, melanocortin receptors undergo agonist-induced phosphorylation and β-arrestin recruitment, leading to receptor desensitization, internalization, and recycling. β-arrestin also acts as a signaling scaffold, activating MAPK and other pathways independently of G proteins. Melanotan 2’s specific receptor phosphorylation and β-arrestin recruitment patterns may contribute to its unique pharmacological profile compared to other melanocortin agonists.

The diverse biological effects of Melanotan 2 can be understood by examining the tissue distribution and functions of each melanocortin receptor subtype:

• MC1R: Expressed primarily in melanocytes (skin, hair follicles), keratinocytes, immune cells, and certain brain regions. Activation stimulates melanin production (eumelanin and pheomelanin), melanocyte proliferation and survival, skin photoprotection, and anti-inflammatory effects in the skin. MC1R activation is responsible for Melanotan 2’s tanning and skin pigmentation effects.
• MC2R: Expressed exclusively in the adrenal cortex. Activation stimulates cortisol and aldosterone production (steroidogenesis). Melanotan 2 has moderate activity at MC2R, which may contribute to its effects on stress response and adrenal function at higher doses.
• MC3R: Expressed primarily in the hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus), limbic system, and certain peripheral tissues. Activation regulates energy homeostasis, feeding behavior, nutrient partitioning, circadian rhythms, and reward processing. MC3R may work in concert with MC4R to regulate body weight and metabolism.
• MC4R: Expressed widely throughout the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus (paraventricular nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus), brainstem, and spinal cord. Activation suppresses appetite, increases energy expenditure, regulates sexual function and arousal, modulates mood and anxiety, and influences pain perception. MC4R activation is primarily responsible for Melanotan 2’s appetite-suppressing, metabolic, and sexual function effects.
• MC5R: Expressed in exocrine glands (sebaceous glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands), skin, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and immune cells. Activation regulates exocrine gland secretion, sebum production, lipid metabolism, muscle function, and immune responses. MC5R may contribute to Melanotan 2’s effects on skin oiliness, body composition, and immune function.

Research Applications

1. Dermatology and Skin Pigmentation Research

Melanotan 2 is most widely studied in dermatology for its potent skin pigmentation and photoprotective effects:

• Melanin Production and Skin Tanning: Research into Melanotan 2’s ability to stimulate melanin production in skin melanocytes, leading to skin darkening (tanning) without exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Melanotan 2 activates MC1R on melanocytes, stimulating the melanogenesis pathway, including tyrosinase activation, melanin synthesis, and melanosome transfer to keratinocytes. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can produce significant skin darkening in both fair-skinned and dark-skinned individuals, with the degree of pigmentation depending on dose, duration, and individual MC1R genotype.
• Photoprotection and Skin Cancer Prevention: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s potential to protect the skin from UV-induced damage, including sunburn, photoaging, DNA damage, and skin cancer development. Melanin, particularly eumelanin, acts as a natural sunscreen by absorbing UV radiation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and reducing UV-induced DNA damage. Research has shown that Melanotan 2-induced tanning can increase the minimal erythema dose (MED) and reduce UV-induced skin damage, suggesting potential applications for skin cancer prevention in high-risk populations (such as fair-skinned individuals, redheads, and those with a history of skin cancer).
• Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) Biology: Research into MC1R structure, function, signaling, regulation, and genetic variation using Melanotan 2 as a standard agonist ligand. MC1R genetic polymorphisms are associated with skin pigmentation phenotypes (including red hair, fair skin, freckling, and poor tanning ability) and increased skin cancer risk. Melanotan 2 is used to study how different MC1R variants respond to agonist stimulation, and whether pharmacological MC1R activation can overcome the reduced function associated with certain MC1R polymorphisms.
• Vitiligo and Pigmentation Disorders: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s potential for the treatment of vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders. Vitiligo is an autoimmune condition characterized by the destruction of melanocytes, leading to depigmented skin patches. Melanotan 2 may stimulate melanocyte proliferation, migration, and melanin production in remaining melanocytes, potentially promoting repigmentation of vitiligo lesions, particularly when combined with UV therapy or other treatments.
• Melanoma Research: Research into the complex role of melanocortin signaling in melanoma development, progression, and treatment. While MC1R activation is generally associated with photoprotection and reduced DNA damage, the role of melanocortin receptors in melanoma biology is complex and context-dependent. Melanotan 2 is used as a research tool to study melanocortin receptor expression and signaling in melanoma cells, and to investigate whether melanocortin agonists or antagonists may have therapeutic potential in melanoma treatment.
• Skin Aging and Photoaging: Emerging research into Melanotan 2’s potential effects on skin aging and photoaging, including its ability to reduce UV-induced collagen degradation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. While Melanotan 2’s tanning effects are well-characterized, its broader effects on skin health, aging, and barrier function are areas of active investigation.

2. Sexual Function and Reproductive Research

Melanotan 2 is extensively studied in sexual medicine for its effects on sexual arousal, function, and behavior:

• Sexual Arousal and Erectile Function: Research into Melanotan 2’s ability to stimulate sexual arousal and promote erectile function in both males and females. Melanotan 2 activates MC4R receptors in hypothalamic and limbic brain regions involved in sexual function, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), medial preoptic area (MPOA), amygdala, and hippocampus. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can increase sexual desire, arousal, and erectile function in both animal models and human clinical trials, with effects observed in both healthy individuals and those with sexual dysfunction. The pro-sexual effects of Melanotan 2 appear to be distinct from its appetite-suppressing effects, and may involve multiple neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, oxytocin, and nitric oxide.
• Female Sexual Function: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on female sexual function, including sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction. Female sexual dysfunction is common and complex, and current treatment options are limited. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can increase sexual desire and arousal in female animal models and in preliminary human studies, suggesting potential applications for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and other forms of female sexual dysfunction. The MC4R receptor appears to play a critical role in regulating female sexual function, and Melanotan 2’s non-selective receptor activation may produce broader effects than selective MC4R agonists.
• Sexual Behavior and Reward: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on sexual behavior, sexual motivation, sexual reward, and partner preference in animal models. Melanotan 2 has been shown to increase sexual behavior in various animal species, including rodents, primates, and humans. It may enhance sexual motivation and reward processing through interactions with the mesolimbic dopamine system, oxytocin pathways, and other neurochemical systems involved in sexual reward and reinforcement. Studies are investigating the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying Melanotan 2’s pro-sexual effects, and whether these effects can be dissociated from its metabolic and other effects through selective receptor targeting.
• Reproductive Hormone Regulation: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on reproductive hormone secretion, including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and melanocortin signaling can modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can influence reproductive hormone secretion, although the effects are complex and may depend on dose, route of administration, gender, and hormonal status. The interactions between melanocortin signaling, sexual function, and reproductive hormone regulation are areas of active investigation.
• Sexual Dysfunction Treatment Research: Clinical research into Melanotan 2 and related melanocortin agonists as potential treatments for sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction (ED), hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), and sexual dysfunction associated with medical conditions (such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, and antidepressant medication use). While Melanotan 2 itself has not been approved for clinical use due to side effects and non-selective receptor activation, research with Melanotan 2 has contributed to the development of more selective melanocortin agonists for sexual dysfunction, including bremelanotide (PT-141), which has been approved for the treatment of HSDD in premenopausal women.

3. Metabolism, Appetite, and Obesity Research

Melanotan 2 is studied in metabolic research for its effects on appetite, energy expenditure, and body weight regulation:

• Appetite Suppression: Research into Melanotan 2’s ability to suppress appetite and reduce food intake through activation of MC4R receptors in the hypothalamus, particularly in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and other appetite-regulating brain regions. MC4R is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, and genetic MC4R deficiency is the most common known monogenic cause of severe obesity. Melanotan 2, as an MC4R agonist, can reduce appetite and food intake in both animal models and humans. The appetite-suppressing effects of Melanotan 2 are dose-dependent and typically transient, with tolerance developing with chronic use in some studies.
• Energy Expenditure and Thermogenesis: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, thermogenesis, and physical activity levels. In addition to reducing food intake, MC4R activation can increase energy expenditure through sympathetic nervous system activation, brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and increased physical activity. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in animal models, contributing to weight loss beyond what can be explained by reduced food intake alone. The metabolic effects of Melanotan 2 are complex and may involve both central (hypothalamic) and peripheral (adipose tissue, muscle) mechanisms.
• Body Weight and Composition: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, lean body mass, and body composition in animal models of obesity and in human studies. Melanotan 2 has been shown to reduce body weight and fat mass in various animal models, including diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, genetically obese mice, and obese rats. The weight loss effects are primarily due to reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure, with relative preservation of lean body mass compared to some other weight loss interventions. Human studies with Melanotan 2 have shown modest, transient weight loss effects, but chronic use is limited by side effects and tolerance development.
• Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, pancreatic beta-cell function, and hepatic glucose production. Melanocortin signaling plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, and MC4R activation can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance through both central and peripheral mechanisms. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, potentially through effects on body weight, energy metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activity, and direct effects on insulin-sensitive tissues. However, the effects on glucose metabolism are complex and may be confounded by changes in body weight and food intake.
• Lipid Metabolism: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on lipid metabolism, including plasma lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides), adipose tissue lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and hepatic lipid metabolism. MC4R activation can influence lipid metabolism through central regulation of sympathetic nervous system activity and through direct effects on adipose tissue and liver. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can increase lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, reduce adipose tissue mass, and improve lipid profiles in animal models of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The lipid-lowering effects may be secondary to weight loss and increased energy expenditure, or may involve direct melanocortin effects on lipid metabolism.
• Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Treatment Research: Research into Melanotan 2 and related melanocortin agonists as potential treatments for obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and related metabolic disorders. While Melanotan 2 itself is not suitable for chronic clinical use due to side effects (including nausea, vomiting, flushing, increased blood pressure, and spontaneous erections) and non-selective receptor activation, research with Melanotan 2 has contributed to the understanding of melanocortin receptor biology in energy metabolism and has informed the development of more selective MC4R agonists for obesity treatment, including setmelanotide, which has been approved for the treatment of rare genetic forms of obesity caused by MC4R pathway deficiencies.

4. Neuroscience and Behavior Research

Melanotan 2 is studied in neuroscience for its effects on brain function, behavior, and neuroprotection:

• Mood and Anxiety: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on mood, anxiety, depression, emotional processing, and stress responses. Melanocortin receptors, particularly MC4R, are widely expressed in brain regions involved in mood and emotion regulation, including the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can have complex effects on mood and anxiety, with both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects reported depending on dose, brain region, and behavioral context. Some users report euphoric and mood-enhancing effects, while others experience anxiety and irritability, particularly at higher doses. Research is investigating the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying Melanotan 2’s effects on mood and emotion.
• Cognitive Function and Memory: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on cognitive function, learning, memory, attention, executive function, and synaptic plasticity. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in brain regions critical for cognition and memory, including the hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala. Research has shown that melanocortin signaling can modulate synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), and memory formation. Melanotan 2 may have cognitive-enhancing or cognitive-impairing effects depending on dose, task, and brain region, and research is investigating the potential role of melanocortin receptors in cognitive function and neurodegenerative diseases.
• Neuroprotection: Emerging research into Melanotan 2’s potential neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neuroinflammation. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in neurons and glial cells, and melanocortin signaling has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic effects in the central nervous system. Studies have shown that melanocortin agonists, including Melanotan 2, can reduce neuronal damage, improve functional outcomes, and enhance recovery in animal models of stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. The neuroprotective effects may involve MC1R, MC4R, and other receptor subtypes, and may be mediated through reduced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, as well as enhanced neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
• Pain Perception and Analgesia: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on pain perception, nociception, and analgesia. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in pain-processing pathways in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord, and melanocortin signaling can modulate pain sensitivity. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can have both pro-nociceptive (pain-enhancing) and anti-nociceptive (pain-reducing) effects depending on dose, route of administration, and pain modality. The complex effects of Melanotan 2 on pain perception are areas of active investigation, and may involve interactions with opioid, cannabinoid, and other pain-modulating systems.
• Addiction and Reward: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on reward processing, addiction, substance use disorders, and compulsive behaviors. Melanocortin receptors, particularly MC4R, are expressed in the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens, and melanocortin signaling can modulate dopamine release and reward processing. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can influence the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, including alcohol, cocaine, opioids, and nicotine, and may have potential for the treatment of addiction and compulsive behaviors. The interactions between melanocortin signaling, reward processing, and addiction are complex and areas of active investigation.
• Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on sleep, sleep architecture, circadian rhythms, and wakefulness. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in brain regions involved in sleep-wake regulation and circadian rhythm generation, including the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus), brainstem reticular activating system, and thalamus. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can influence sleep and wakefulness, with some users reporting insomnia and increased wakefulness, particularly when administered in the evening. The effects of Melanotan 2 on sleep architecture and circadian rhythms are areas of active investigation, and may be related to its effects on energy metabolism, sympathetic nervous system activity, and sexual function.

5. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research

Melanotan 2 is studied in cardiovascular research for its effects on blood pressure, vascular function, and cardiac function:

• Blood Pressure Regulation: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on blood pressure, vascular tone, and cardiovascular regulation. Melanocortin receptors, particularly MC3R and MC4R, are expressed in cardiovascular regulatory centers in the brainstem and hypothalamus, and melanocortin signaling can modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and vascular function. Studies have shown that Melanotan 2 can increase blood pressure and heart rate, particularly at higher doses, through central sympathetic activation and peripheral vascular effects. The cardiovascular effects of Melanotan 2 are dose-dependent and typically transient, but may be a concern for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Research is investigating the receptor subtypes and neural circuits underlying Melanotan 2’s cardiovascular effects, and whether more selective melanocortin agonists can avoid these side effects.
• Vascular Function and Endothelium: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on vascular endothelial function, nitric oxide (NO) production, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and melanocortin signaling can modulate vascular function, inflammation, and remodeling. Research has shown that melanocortin agonists can have protective effects on vascular endothelial function, reduce vascular inflammation, and inhibit atherosclerosis development in animal models, potentially through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the acute vasopressor effects of Melanotan 2 may counteract some of these beneficial vascular effects, and the net cardiovascular effects are complex and context-dependent.
• Cardiac Function and Cardioprotection: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on cardiac function, myocardial contractility, cardiac metabolism, and cardioprotection. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in cardiac myocytes and other cardiac cell types, and melanocortin signaling can modulate cardiac function and metabolism. Studies have shown that melanocortin agonists can have cardioprotective effects in animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiac hypertrophy, potentially through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and metabolic effects. However, the acute sympathetic activation and increased blood pressure caused by Melanotan 2 may increase cardiac workload and potentially exacerbate certain cardiac conditions. The net effects of Melanotan 2 on cardiac function and cardioprotection are areas of active investigation.
• Renal Function and Fluid Balance: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on renal function, fluid balance, electrolyte homeostasis, and blood pressure regulation. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in the kidney and in brain regions involved in fluid and electrolyte regulation, and melanocortin signaling can modulate renal function, sodium excretion, and water balance. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can influence renal function, urine output, and sodium excretion, potentially through effects on sympathetic nervous system activity, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, and direct renal effects. The interactions between melanocortin signaling, renal function, fluid balance, and blood pressure regulation are complex and areas of active investigation.

6. Immunology and Inflammation Research

Melanotan 2 is studied in immunology for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects:

• Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Research into Melanotan 2’s anti-inflammatory effects, including its ability to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production, inhibit inflammatory cell activation and recruitment, and modulate inflammatory signaling pathways. Melanocortin receptors, particularly MC1R and MC3R, are expressed in immune cells (including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells), and melanocortin signaling has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory effects in various models of inflammation. Melanotan 2, as a broad-spectrum melanocortin agonist, can reduce inflammation in animal models of arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, skin inflammation, neuroinflammation, and systemic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of NF-κB signaling, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), increased anti-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-10), and modulation of immune cell polarization and function.
• Immune Cell Function: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects on immune cell development, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and function. Melanocortin receptors are expressed in various immune cell types, and melanocortin signaling can modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Research has shown that Melanotan 2 can influence macrophage polarization (promoting anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype over pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype), reduce neutrophil recruitment and activation, modulate T cell differentiation and cytokine production, regulate B cell function and antibody production, and influence dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. The immunomodulatory effects of Melanotan 2 are complex and context-dependent, and may have implications for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
• Autoimmune Disease Models: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects in animal models of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and type 1 diabetes. By reducing inflammation and modulating immune responses, Melanotan 2 may help reduce autoimmune tissue damage and disease severity in these models. Studies have shown that melanocortin agonists can reduce disease severity and improve outcomes in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), and inflammatory bowel disease. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Melanotan 2 make it a valuable research tool for investigating the role of melanocortin signaling in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for exploring potential therapeutic approaches.
• Sepsis and Systemic Inflammation: Studies investigating Melanotan 2’s effects in animal models of sepsis, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Sepsis is characterized by dysregulated systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and multi-organ failure, and there is a critical need for new therapeutic approaches. Research has shown that melanocortin agonists, including Melanotan 2, can reduce systemic inflammation, inhibit cytokine storm, protect organ function, improve hemodynamic stability, and reduce mortality in animal models of sepsis and endotoxemia. The protective effects may involve MC1R, MC3R, and MC4R receptors, and may be mediated through anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tissue-protective effects. The potential of melanocortin agonists for the treatment of sepsis and systemic inflammation is an area of active investigation.
• Wound Healing and Tissue Repair: Research into Melanotan 2’s effects on wound healing, tissue repair, and regeneration, particularly in the skin and other tissues. In addition to its effects on melanin production, Melanotan 2’s anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and growth factor-modulating effects may contribute to wound healing and tissue repair. Studies have shown that melanocortin agonists can accelerate wound healing, reduce scar formation, promote re-epithelialization, enhance angiogenesis, and improve tissue remodeling in various wound models. The effects on wound healing may involve MC1R and other receptor subtypes, and may be mediated through reduced inflammation, enhanced fibroblast function, increased collagen synthesis, and improved vascularization. The potential of Melanotan 2 and related melanocortin agonists for wound healing and tissue repair is an area of active investigation.

Product Specifications

Parameter	Value
Compound Name	Melanotan 2 (MT-2) Acetate
Amino Acid Sequence	Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH₂
CAS Number	121062-08-6
Molecular Formula	C₅₀H₆₉N₁₅O₁₀ · xC₂H₄O₂
Molecular Weight	1024.2 Da (free base); ~1084 Da (acetate salt, typical)
Purity	≥98% (HPLC verified)
Appearance	White to off-white lyophilized powder
Solubility	Soluble in water, PBS, bacteriostatic water, dilute acetic acid
Structure	Cyclic heptapeptide with lactam bridge; N-acetylated; C-amidated
Acetate Content	≤15% (w/w)
Water Content	≤5% (Karl Fischer)
Endotoxin	<1 EU/mg (LAL method)
Storage	-20°C, sealed, protected from light and moisture
Shelf Life	24 months from date of manufacture

Reconstitution and Handling Guidelines

For optimal results in laboratory research:

1. Allow the vial to equilibrate to room temperature before opening to prevent condensation
2. Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water, sterile water, 0.9% NaCl, or PBS to a desired concentration (typically 1-10 mg/mL; Melanotan 2 may require gentle warming or vortexing for complete dissolution)
3. Gently swirl or invert the vial until complete dissolution; avoid vigorous shaking, which can cause foaming and peptide degradation
4. For cell culture experiments, filter-sterilize the reconstituted solution using a 0.22 μm filter
5. Aliquot into working volumes to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
6. Store lyophilized powder at -20°C; store reconstituted solutions at -20°C or -80°C for long-term use
7. Reconstituted solutions are stable for 7-14 days at 2-8°C (in bacteriostatic water) and up to 3 months at -20°C
8. Avoid exposure to strong proteases, extreme pH, and high temperatures
9. Note: Melanotan 2 is light-sensitive and should be protected from light during storage and handling

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between Melanotan 1 and Melanotan 2?

Melanotan 1 (MT-1, also known as afamelanotide) and Melanotan 2 (MT-2) are both synthetic analogs of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), but they differ significantly in their molecular structure, receptor selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and biological effects:
– Structure: Melanotan 1 is a linear 13-amino acid peptide (identical to α-MSH but with the 4th amino acid replaced by norleucine for stability), while Melanotan 2 is a cyclic 7-amino acid peptide with a lactam bridge, N-terminal acetylation, C-terminal amidation, and incorporation of D-phenylalanine and norleucine.
– Receptor selectivity: Melanotan 1 is relatively selective for MC1R (the melanocortin receptor responsible for skin pigmentation), with lower activity at other receptor subtypes. Melanotan 2 is a non-selective agonist that activates all five melanocortin receptors (MC1R-MC5R) with high potency, particularly MC1R and MC4R.
– Biological effects: Due to its MC1R selectivity, Melanotan 1 primarily produces skin pigmentation and tanning effects, with fewer systemic side effects. Melanotan 2 produces stronger tanning effects but also causes significant systemic effects due to its broad receptor activity, including appetite suppression, increased energy expenditure, sexual arousal, flushing, nausea, and increased blood pressure.
– Pharmacokinetics: Melanotan 1 has a longer half-life (~2-4 hours) and is typically administered as a subcutaneous implant for sustained release. Melanotan 2 has a shorter half-life (~1-2 hours) and is typically administered by subcutaneous injection 1-2 times daily.
– Clinical development: Melanotan 1 (afamelanotide) has been approved in some countries for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria (a rare photosensitivity disorder) and is in clinical development for other photodermatoses. Melanotan 2 has not been approved for any clinical indication due to its side effect profile and non-selective receptor activation, although it has been widely used in research and has contributed to the development of more selective melanocortin agonists.
In summary, Melanotan 1 is a more selective, longer-acting MC1R agonist primarily used for skin pigmentation and photoprotection, while Melanotan 2 is a more potent but less selective agonist with broader biological effects including tanning, appetite suppression, and sexual function effects.

Q2: What purity level is recommended for research?

For most research applications, ≥98% purity (HPLC verified) is recommended. Our Melanotan 2 meets this standard and undergoes comprehensive quality control, including mass spectrometry verification (confirming molecular weight of ~1024 Da free base), amino acid analysis, chiral purity verification (confirming D-Phe configuration), peptide mapping, endotoxin testing (<1 EU/mg), and microbial screening. For highly sensitive in vivo studies, cell culture experiments, or clinical research, we can provide ≥99% purity with additional quality testing (including residual solvent testing, heavy metal analysis, bioburden testing, and biological activity verification in receptor binding assays) upon request. Note that Melanotan 2's cyclic structure and non-natural amino acids make it more complex to synthesize than linear peptides, and high-purity manufacturing requires careful control of the cyclization and purification processes. Our manufacturing process ensures consistent quality across batches, with full traceability and comprehensive quality documentation. Researchers should note that Melanotan 2 is a potent biologically active compound, and even small impurities could potentially affect experimental results, particularly in sensitive receptor binding or signaling assays, making high-purity material essential for reliable research.

Q3: Can Melanotan 2 be used in cell culture experiments?

Yes, Melanotan 2 is suitable for cell culture experiments with a wide range of cell types expressing melanocortin receptors, including melanocytes (normal human epidermal melanocytes, B16 melanoma cells), keratinocytes (HaCaT, normal human epidermal keratinocytes), immune cells (macrophages, monocytes, T cells, dendritic cells), neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y, PC12, primary neurons), adipocytes (3T3-L1, primary adipocytes), hepatocytes (HepG2, primary hepatocytes), endothelial cells (HUVEC, HAEC), and various recombinant cell lines expressing specific melanocortin receptor subtypes (e.g., HEK293 cells transfected with MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, or MC5R). Melanotan 2 is soluble in standard culture media, although it may require gentle warming or sonication for complete dissolution at high concentrations. Typical working concentrations range from 1 nM to 10 μM, depending on the cell type, receptor expression level, and assay. The EC50 for melanocortin receptor activation is typically in the nanomolar range (1-100 nM) for most receptor subtypes. Melanotan 2 is generally well-tolerated by cells at concentrations up to 10 μM, although higher concentrations may cause cytotoxicity in some cell types. For extended experiments (>48-72 hours), refresh media with fresh Melanotan 2 every 24-48 hours, as the peptide may degrade over time in culture media. Filter-sterilize reconstituted solutions before adding to cell cultures. Melanotan 2’s non-selective receptor activation makes it a valuable tool for studying overall melanocortin signaling, but researchers studying specific receptor subtypes should use selective agonists/antagonists or receptor-specific knockdown/knockout approaches in combination with Melanotan 2 to dissect receptor-specific effects.

Q4: What is the typical dosage range for animal studies?

Dosage varies by species, administration route, and research objective. Melanotan 2 is a potent compound with a relatively narrow therapeutic window, and side effects (including flushing, nausea, vomiting, increased blood pressure, and spontaneous erections) are common at higher doses. Common dosage ranges include:
– Rodents (acute): 0.01-10 mg/kg (IP/SC/IV), typically administered once or twice daily
– Rodents (chronic): 0.01-1 mg/kg/day (SC injection or osmotic minipump), typically for 1-8 weeks
– Rabbits/guinea pigs: 0.01-1 mg/kg (SC/IV)
– Primates: 0.001-0.1 mg/kg (SC/IV)
– Humans (clinical research): 0.01-0.1 mg/kg (SC injection), typically administered once daily or every other day, with individual dose titration based on tolerability and response
Melanotan 2 is typically administered by subcutaneous injection due to poor oral bioavailability. For skin pigmentation studies, a “loading phase” of higher doses (0.5-1 mg/day in humans) for 1-2 weeks is often used to achieve initial pigmentation, followed by a “maintenance phase” of lower doses (0.25-0.5 mg 1-3 times per week) to maintain pigmentation. For metabolic and appetite studies, lower doses (0.01-0.1 mg/kg in rodents) are often used to minimize side effects while still achieving significant MC4R activation. For sexual function studies, doses in the range of 0.05-0.5 mg/kg in rodents are commonly used. Researchers should consult relevant literature and perform dose-response studies to optimize protocols for their specific applications, and should carefully monitor animals for side effects, particularly at higher doses. Note that Melanotan 2’s effects can be variable between individuals and species, and tolerance may develop with chronic administration for some effects (particularly appetite suppression and nausea).

Q5: How does Melanotan 2 compare to other melanocortin agonists?

Melanotan 2 is one of several melanocortin agonists used in research, each with distinct receptor selectivity, pharmacokinetics, and biological effects:
– vs. α-MSH (native hormone): α-MSH is the native 13-amino acid melanocortin peptide that activates MC1R-MC5R with varying affinity. It has a very short half-life (~10 minutes) due to rapid proteolytic degradation, making it impractical for most in vivo studies. Melanotan 2 is a more stable, potent, and longer-acting analog that retains α-MSH’s broad receptor activity but with enhanced pharmacological properties.
– vs. Melanotan 1 (afamelanotide): As discussed in Q1, Melanotan 1 is a more MC1R-selective, longer-acting analog primarily used for skin pigmentation and photoprotection, with fewer systemic side effects. Melanotan 2 is more potent but less selective, with broader biological effects including appetite suppression and sexual function effects.
– vs. Bremelanotide (PT-141): Bremelanotide is a cyclic heptapeptide closely related to Melanotan 2 (it is the active metabolite of Melanotan 2, with the N-terminal acetylation removed). It has similar receptor selectivity to Melanotan 2 but with a slightly different pharmacological profile, and has been approved for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Bremelanotide is administered by subcutaneous injection and has a shorter duration of action than Melanotan 2.
– vs. Setmelanotide: Setmelanotide is a cyclic octapeptide MC4R agonist that is relatively selective for MC4R (with some activity at other receptors). It has been approved for the treatment of rare genetic forms of obesity caused by MC4R pathway deficiencies (such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) deficiency, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 (PCSK1) deficiency, and leptin receptor (LEPR) deficiency). Setmelanotide has stronger and more sustained appetite-suppressing and weight-loss effects than Melanotan 2, with a different side effect profile.
– vs. THIQ (MC4R selective agonist): THIQ is a small molecule (non-peptide) MC4R-selective agonist that has been investigated for the treatment of obesity and sexual dysfunction. It has better oral bioavailability and receptor selectivity than peptide agonists like Melanotan 2, but may have different pharmacological properties and side effect profiles.
– vs. SHU9119 (melanocortin antagonist): SHU9119 is a cyclic peptide that acts as a potent antagonist at MC3R and MC4R and a partial agonist/antagonist at MC1R. It is widely used in research to block melanocortin signaling and study the physiological roles of melanocortin receptors.
In summary, Melanotan 2 is a potent, non-selective, peptide melanocortin agonist with broad biological effects, making it a valuable research tool for studying overall melanocortin signaling. However, for studies requiring receptor-specific effects or chronic administration, more selective agonists (such as Melanotan 1 for MC1R or setmelanotide for MC4R) or small molecule agonists may be more appropriate.

Q6: Is Melanotan 2 stable in solution?

Melanotan 2 is moderately stable in solution, with better stability than native α-MSH but less stable than some other peptide analogs due to its cyclic structure and tryptophan residue (which is susceptible to oxidation). In neutral aqueous solutions (pH 6-8) at refrigerated temperatures (2-8°C), reconstituted Melanotan 2 is stable for approximately 7-14 days, particularly when reconstituted in bacteriostatic water (containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol) to inhibit microbial growth. For long-term storage, reconstituted solutions should be aliquoted and stored at -20°C or -80°C, where they remain stable for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as these can cause peptide degradation and aggregation. Melanotan 2 is light-sensitive (particularly due to the tryptophan residue), and solutions should be protected from light during storage and handling. It is also susceptible to oxidation, and solutions should be protected from air and oxidizing agents. Avoid exposure to extreme pH (below pH 4 or above pH 9 for extended periods), high temperatures (>40°C), and strong proteases, as these conditions can cause degradation. For in vivo experiments, Melanotan 2 solutions should be prepared fresh or stored refrigerated for no more than 7-14 days, and should be protected from light during administration. For cell culture experiments, Melanotan 2 may degrade over time in culture media (particularly at 37°C), and media should be refreshed with fresh peptide every 24-48 hours for extended experiments. Note that Melanotan 2 can cause foaming when dissolved, and gentle swirling or inversion is recommended rather than vigorous shaking. If foaming occurs, allow the solution to stand until the foam dissipates before use. The high stability of lyophilized Melanotan 2 (24 months at -20°C) makes it convenient for long-term storage, and researchers are encouraged to store the peptide in lyophilized form and reconstitute only the amount needed for immediate use.

Q7: Can Melanotan 2 be used in combination with other peptides or treatments?

Yes, Melanotan 2 is frequently used in combination with other agents in research settings, and some of the most common combinations include:
– Combination with PT-141 (bremelanotide): Both are melanocortin agonists with similar but distinct pharmacological profiles, and they are sometimes used together in sexual function research, although this combination may increase the risk of side effects due to overlapping receptor activity.
– Combination with GHRP-6 or other growth hormone secretagogues: Used in body composition and anti-aging research, combining Melanotan 2’s metabolic and body composition effects with growth hormone-releasing effects. This combination may have additive or synergistic effects on body composition, but may also increase side effects.
– Combination with CJC-1295 or sermorelin (GHRH analogs): Similar to GHRP combinations, used to combine melanocortin effects with growth hormone axis stimulation for body composition and anti-aging research.
– Combination with BPC-157 or TB-500: Used in wound healing and tissue repair research, combining Melanotan 2’s skin healing and anti-inflammatory effects with the tissue repair and regenerative effects of BPC-157 or TB-500. This combination may be particularly useful for skin wound healing and tissue regeneration studies.
– Combination with KPV: Used in dermatology and inflammation research, combining Melanotan 2’s skin pigmentation and melanocortin effects with KPV’s potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This combination may be useful for inflammatory skin conditions and wound healing research.
– Combination with UV therapy or phototherapy: Used in dermatology research for vitiligo, psoriasis, and other skin conditions, combining Melanotan 2’s melanocyte-stimulating effects with UV-induced melanogenesis and immunomodulation. This combination may enhance repigmentation in vitiligo and improve treatment outcomes for other skin conditions, but may also increase the risk of UV-induced skin damage.
– Combination with antioxidants or sunscreens: Used in photoprotection research, combining Melanotan 2’s melanin-mediated photoprotection with the antioxidant or UV-blocking effects of other agents. This combination may provide enhanced protection against UV-induced skin damage and photoaging.
– Combination with appetite suppressants or anti-obesity medications: Used in obesity research, combining Melanotan 2’s MC4R-mediated appetite suppression with other weight loss medications (such as GLP-1 agonists, phentermine, or orlistat) for enhanced weight loss effects.
Researchers should carefully design combination studies, including appropriate controls for each agent alone and in combination, to assess synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects. Note that Melanotan 2 has a relatively narrow therapeutic window and can cause significant side effects, particularly at higher doses, and combination with other agents may increase the risk of adverse effects. Researchers should carefully monitor animals or study participants for side effects when using Melanotan 2 in combination with other agents, and should consult relevant literature for information on potential drug interactions.

Related Research Peptides

Researchers studying Melanotan 2 often explore these complementary peptides:

• Melanotan 1 (Afamelanotide) – More MC1R-selective melanocortin agonist with potent skin pigmentation and photoprotective effects, fewer systemic side effects
• PT-141 (Bremelanotide) – Melanotan 2 metabolite with similar receptor profile, approved for HSDD in women, used for sexual function research
• Setmelanotide – MC4R-selective agonist approved for rare genetic obesity, used for obesity and metabolic research
• KPV – Tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val) with potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, derived from α-MSH, commonly combined with Melanotan 2 for skin research
• BPC-157 – 15-amino acid peptide with potent cytoprotective, healing, and regenerative effects, used in combination with Melanotan 2 for wound healing
• TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) – 43-amino acid peptide involved in actin regulation, cell migration, angiogenesis, and tissue repair
• GHK-Cu – Tripeptide copper complex with wound healing, anti-aging, and tissue remodeling effects, used in dermatology research
• Sermorelin Acetate – GHRH analog that stimulates growth hormone secretion, used in combination with Melanotan 2 for body composition research
• Ipamorelin – Selective GHRP that stimulates growth hormone secretion with minimal side effects, used in combination with Melanotan 2 for anti-aging research

Quality Assurance

Our Melanotan 2 is manufactured under strict GMP conditions and undergoes comprehensive quality testing:

• HPLC purity analysis (≥98%)
• Mass spectrometry molecular weight verification (confirming ~1024 Da free base and cyclic structure)
• Amino acid composition analysis and sequencing
• Chiral purity verification (confirming D-Phe configuration)
• Peptide mapping and identity verification
• Cyclization verification (mass spectrometry and NMR)
• Acetate content determination (≤15%)
• Water content determination (Karl Fischer, ≤5%)
• Endotoxin testing (LAL method, <1 EU/mg)
• Microbial contamination screening (bioburden testing)
• Biological activity verification (MC1R and MC4R receptor binding and cAMP activation assays)
• Residual solvent testing (TFA, acetonitrile, methanol, DMF)
• Heavy metal analysis (for high-purity grades)

Each batch is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) detailing all test results, including purity, molecular weight, chiral purity, cyclization verification, and biological activity. We maintain complete batch records for full traceability and regulatory compliance. Custom synthesis of Melanotan 2 analogs, labeled peptides (isotopic, fluorescent, biotinylated), modified formulations, and combination products is available upon request. We also offer custom peptide synthesis services for researchers requiring modified Melanotan 2 sequences, selective melanocortin receptor agonists/antagonists, or related peptides.

Important Disclaimer

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. This product is intended exclusively for laboratory and scientific research purposes. It is not approved for human consumption, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic treatment, veterinary use, or cosmetic formulation, except where specifically approved by regulatory authorities for indicated medical uses. Melanotan 2 is a potent biologically active peptide with significant effects on skin pigmentation, sexual function, appetite, energy metabolism, cardiovascular function, and the immune system; all experiments must be conducted by qualified researchers in accordance with institutional biosafety guidelines, animal care protocols, and applicable regulations. Purchasers assume full responsibility for proper handling, storage, and use of this research material. This product is not intended for self-administration or use outside of approved research settings. Researchers should note that Melanotan 2 may cause side effects including, but not limited to, skin darkening and tanning, nausea, vomiting, flushing, headache, dizziness, fatigue, decreased appetite, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, spontaneous erections or sexual arousal, yawning, stretching, increased body temperature, local injection site reactions, and in rare cases, allergic reactions or more serious adverse effects. Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions (particularly cardiovascular disease, hypertension, melanoma or skin cancer history, liver or kidney disease, or psychiatric disorders) should exercise extreme caution, and Melanotan 2 should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women, or by individuals under the age of 18. In vivo studies should be conducted with appropriate ethical review and careful monitoring of relevant physiological parameters, including skin pigmentation, blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, food intake, sexual behavior, hormonal levels, and organ function. The use of Melanotan 2 for cosmetic tanning, bodybuilding, performance enhancement, or other non-research purposes is not endorsed and may be associated with significant health risks, particularly when products are obtained from unregulated sources and used without medical supervision. Researchers should be aware of the regulatory and ethical considerations surrounding the use of melanocortin agonists in both research and potential clinical settings, and should conduct studies in accordance with all applicable laws, regulations, and institutional guidelines.

Melanotan 2 for UK Researchers: Shipping, Quality & Sourcing

For researchers in the United Kingdom, Melanotan 2 (MT-2) is one of the most in-demand research peptides. UK laboratories and independent researchers consistently search for “melanotan UK”, “buy melanotan 2 UK”, and “MT-2 peptide UK” when sourcing high-purity research compounds.

• UK Shipping: Hanpro Peptides offers tracked international shipping to the United Kingdom, with delivery typically within 7-12 business days. Express options available for urgent research needs.
• UK Customs: All shipments include proper commercial invoices and HS code classification for smooth UK customs clearance. Research compounds classified as laboratory reagents generally clear without issue.
• UK Payment Methods: We accept credit/debit cards, PayPal, and bank transfers for UK researchers, with GBP pricing available on request.
• UK Quality Standards: Every batch of Melanotan 2 is tested by HPLC (≥98% purity) and mass spectrometry, with batch-specific Certificates of Analysis available for download — meeting or exceeding UK laboratory quality requirements.

Why UK Researchers Choose Hanpro Peptides for MT-2: Competitive pricing, verified purity documentation, secure payment processing, and responsive customer support for UK-based research inquiries. Whether you are at a UK university, biotech firm, or independent research laboratory, our Melanotan 2 acetate is manufactured to the highest research-grade standards.

Note for UK customers: All Melanotan 2 peptides are supplied for laboratory research purposes only and are not for human consumption. Researchers are responsible for complying with UK regulations regarding research chemicals.

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